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Save the planet? From who?

8. May 2009 by Erle 11 Comments

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Millennia ago, our species reshaped the ecology of this planet and we have continued to reshape it ever more rapidly and intensively ever since.  Today, we directly use or alter nearly all of earth’s terrestrial ecosystems- the rest we alter indirectly through climate change.  Is it still relevant to discuss “saving the planet”?  If so, who or what is this planet to be saved from?  If the planet is to be saved from “humans”, which humans are being discussed here?  Is it you? Some other humans? Can the planet be saved by “leaving it alone”? Or is the future really about doing a better job of creating and managing a biosphere that will continue to benefit both us and our fellow travelers on spaceship earth? The latter is my vision for a “postnatural” environmentalism (postnaturalism).

 

This piece represents my initial response to the many critics of my recent op-ed at Wired: Stop trying to save the planet.  If you haven’t read it, you will want to go there first- this piece is limited to addressing specific criticisms and does not reiterate my claims or my message.

 

Here are the criticisms I want to address:

1) The science is invalid- human alteration of this planet is primarily a recent phenomenon.

Here are links to scientific evidence that prehistoric humans:

2) Current rates of environmental change are similar to those of prehistory.

  • This is neither correct nor my opinion.  I am a firm believer that current rates of anthropogenic global change are most definitely unprecedented, extreme and likely unsustainable over the long term. My point is that humans had already profoundly altered the biosphere and the climate system thousands of years ago. This point was lost during editing at Wired (no offence- the edited piece is much better!).  My original version of the piece included the statement “The industrial revolution shifted us from first gear into fourth gear in a single go.”- referring to the dramatic increase in rates of anthropogenic global change since the industrial revolution.

3) Humans will perish if we don’t stop “trashing the planet”.

  • Examples of the contrary are super abundant.  A classic example is Easter Island, where catastrophic human failure at environmental management did not eliminate its human population- only its civilization.  There are vanished civilizations all over- often with unrelated human populations living on top of their remains.  This should be an important lesson- humans can indeed trash their environment and still survive as a species.  But this is not the point- there is nothing so great about just surviving.  And do not count on “nature” to “correct the wrongs” that humans have done to this planet- that is our responsibility (I say this for those who prefer to see humans as some sort of global pathology- but that is not my view).
  • Just because we humans would likely survive as a species if we trash the planet, that does not mean that there is anything even slightly good about our ability to trash and yet stick around.  That humans can endure under terrible conditions is well proven- worse still, we are extremely good at adapting to previously intolerable conditions – such that we eventually do not even notice what we are missing (most hunter gatherers find urban conditions intolerable- until they adapt to them!).  But this is certainly not what any of us really want.  Fear of driving our species to extinction is just not a good reason to stop trashing the planet.  Desire for better conditions for all of us species is.

4) Challenging environmentalism as currently conceived is “dangerous”, equivalent to advocating “business as usual” (“appealing to the Enron exec”), and aimed at a “straw man”.

  • Dangerous? I would argue that any perspective that cannot endure criticism deserves to be endangered.
  • Business as usual?  I do not support “business as usual”- for goodness sake- I’m just a poor professor!  Kidding aside, I have dedicated my life to changing the “business as usual” approach to environmental management and would certainly be called an environmentalist by just about anyone who knows my views (take my class in Environmental Science and Conservation if you don’t believe me).   Yet, from my point of view, much of environmentalism as currently conceived and applied is business as usual, especially when it acts as if there is an “us” and a “them” when it comes to the environment and when it uses fear of an environmental catastrophe to justify efforts on behalf of “the environment”.  Postnatural environmentalism is all about changing "business as usual"- but it is about empowering people to manage our environment better, it is not about stopping people or fearmongering about the environmental catastrophes that are around the corner if we don’t stop what we are doing immediately.  It is more than saving polar bears and fighting with lumberjacks.  It is about shared environmental governance that helps all of us create a better biosphere.  Environmentalism must become far more than it is now, and it will do this by embodying the global human effort to value and improve all of the biosphere including the parts we live in and the parts we don’t.
  • Straw man?  Some validity here.  It is true that I focused my op-ed on a particular strain, or element of environmentalism- and one that has been receding in influence over time (thank goodness).  Environmentalism has gone far since it began with “protecting nature” in parks and preserves. And environmentalists, like everyone else, have diverse views.  Nevertheless, my experience with environmental groups and students make it clear that “environmentalism” still encourages beliefs that a postnatural environmentalism moves beyond:
    • the most valuable nature is wild nature, and nature is valuable to the extent that it is wild.  This flies in the face of economics, and economics drives most human activity.  While there are good reasons to conserve wild places that are not just about money, in the end, the act of conserving them is.
    • humans are in danger of extinction if we do not "stop what we are doing" immediately.  This is just fearmongering.  We should conserve and manage the environment better because it is a better for us, not because if we don't we will all perish.  Crying wolf will not help.
    • people "out there" are engaged in "destroying nature".  Would anyone in the world describe their actions as intentionally “destroying nature” (or "the planet" or "the environment")?  We are all engaged in making a living. And we are all engaged in altering nature- for better or for worse.  Human transformation and management of the environment now results from globally interconnected economic, political and environmental systems that include every one of us.  Solutions to our problems require the same.
  • We need a new environmentalism! If you are not convinced, I suggest you review the call for a new environmentalism at the Breakthrough Institute.  In their new book, they illustrate this point with their question "what if Martin Luther King had given an "I have a nightmare" speech? Get it? 

Relevant links:

Comments

Q
United States Q said:

The closer one comes to understanding the essence of “postnaturalism” (a la Erle) the more one suspects that what is being peddled is a rather familiar brand of mainstream environmentalism colored by a tinge of realism and pragmatism. The story goes something like this: “returning nature to something approaching an ‘original state’ is both unfeasible and undesirable. Approaching environmentalism with unrealistic goals confuses the problem and risks sacrificing the achievable in our foolish quest for the unachievable.” Instead, a pragmatic, realistic philosophy is in order: “Seek truth from facts. Do not assume that human impact is necessarily harmful. Try not to exaggerate the problem and inappropriately shout ‘fire’ in the theater. Rather, let us each become empowered to contribute, little by little, to a global solution for mankind.” Sadly, the realism of the philosophy is premised on underlying assumptions about human behavior and politics which are patently unrealistic. Perhaps this philosophy would have a fighting chance if, on balance, folks were rational, reasonable, knowledgeable, and willing to place value on the mostly diffuse, usually shared, and at times intangible benefits that nature affords. The phrase “business as usual” implies a well established mode of doing things: Average Joe becomes settled into a particular way of living; economies get organized such that certain interests wield power; political institutions become entrenched, gaining inertia. That is, there is a certain path-dependency to the way we do things and think about the way we do things. On the micro level it is manifest in a rampant consumer culture and an impoverished understanding of the value and importance of healthy ecosystems. At the macro level it is manifest in a primarily “western” development formula and growth model—the catch up and be like America plan. If the project of creating a “sustainable” future—a goal that I believe ‘postnaturalism’ shares—is to succeed, what is required is nothing short of a revolution in the way we think and do things. The problem is this: entrenched social and political orders undergo dramatic changes usually in the face of a precipitating crisis: financial regulation is overhauled only after the system teeters on collapse; the Montreal Protocol is signed and implemented after a gaping hole in the Ozone is discovered; a department of Homeland Security is created once it is realized that the CIA and FBI failed to coordinate intelligence and prevent a spectacular terrorist strike. The point is simply this: tragically, people and the political systems they create tend to be reactive, and not proactive. Sadly, Erle’s postnaturalism, though boasting the virtues of realism and pragmatism suggests that the Titanic’s captain should stay the course until presented with overwhelming evidence; he should objectively judge the facts, not hastily drawing conclusions about the size and likely impact of the iceberg’s collision; and alas, he should draw comfort from knowing that the Titanic is “virtually unsinkable” and that, in any event, lifeboats are plentiful, at least for the wealthy among us. Of course, many “crises” (as the Swine Flu for instance) turn out to be just “scares.” But many crises really are crises. When it comes to the environment, it is perhaps most prudent to err on the side of caution. And second, and perhaps most importantly, if you intend to mobilize the masses, which in a political system like ours, is the precondition for any deep political change, then you simply have to create alarm. It’s really the only way. By and large, the masses are not informed, concerned, and empowered stewards of the commons. They’re asses. They respond to incentives. Education helps. But fundamentally, people respond to the largely self-interested incentive structures they face. First you create alarm. Then you pass laws. And you change the incentive structures that govern the many many individual and firm cost-benefit calculations. This is why Obama’s message is: (1) Folks, we’re in a once in a century crisis, (2) if we don’t do something we’re cooked, (3) what we need to do is reform healthcare, overhaul education, and create a green economy. This is ‘postnaturalism’ to the extent that Obama is likely quite pragmatic and realistic, but the strategy does not share Erle’s ‘take it easy, study the facts, do not create panic’ style. And the simple reason is this: Obama understands politics and human nature, while Erle, a student of physical nature, does not. So, here’s perhaps a more “realistic” version of postnatural philosophy: “Look at the evidence. Err on the side of caution, keeping in mind that people will impact ecosystems. Exaggerate the evidence and scare people. Never assume that the goodness and knowledge of people will by itself create sustainability. Push through major reforms when the political climate is favorable. Bias incentive structures in favor of sustainability and the environment.”  

Erle
United States Erle said:

Q,
Thank you for your insightful political analysis.  And you are correct- I am neither a student nor a practicioner of political science- though I have observed a bit of "human nature".

Yet I cannot abide your "more realistic” political assessment of postnatural philosophy:

"Exaggerate the evidence and scare people. Never assume that the goodness and knowledge of people will by itself create sustainability."

All who have tried this route to power have ultimately failed over the long term.  And it goes against all human progress towards democratic governance.

And while this might be a common strategy of "business as usual" environmentalism, it is the opposite of my vision for postnatural environmental strategy, which aims at creating as inclusive and democratic an environmental governance process as possible.  One that is at the same time global and local.  One that requires an informed population.  And one that is at least as democratic as the current hash of international political governance systems we now have- and hopefully much better. This might sound like a utopian vision (it is!), but so was abolitionism at one point in history (actually- at more than one point, unfortunately)- or the Red Cross.
  
And I think you are misunderstanding this game.  Sustainability is not a battle to be won or a war.  Sustainability is not crisis management- it is about building a society that is ready before a crisis.  If current environmentalism is often a game of crisis management, postnaturalism aims higher- at sustained, flexible, and far-sighted environmental governance.

Sustainability is only the beginning of postnatural environmental strategy.  The best we humans can do is still ahead of us and no amount of scare tactics will get in the way of that over the long term.

Sustainability cannot be implemented by any president- it is a process all of us must engage in- and our children too.  But I think we both agree that our current president is well aware of this, and is preparing to join us with the rest of the world in the next baby-step toward a sustained global environmental governance process in Copenhagen this December.

k
United States k said:

I agree completely with what you are saying and I think that many others do as well. I think there is a rapidly growing awareness that "status quo environmentalism" based on "there is a natural and we need to save it" is an idea has outlived its usefulness. People are getting this but institutions, including environmental groups, adapt much more slowly (that's the political problem).

We need to focus on managing all of the resources available to us. And as you note in a separate post, on a planet with 6.5 billion human inhabitants -soon to be 9 billion- this is a fundamental justice issue.

One stumbling block is that your message, as presented in the Wired article, has a cornucopian ring to it. You might say, "no that's not what I meant", but that's what I got and some will react negatively to that.

S
S said:

Sounded like an elaborate argument for optimism to me. On that, I have no issues with it. But to deny what is both intuitively and otherwise being acknowledged as fact is an unhealthy way of advocating optimism. In order to be optimistic, you don't have to trash anyone.

Dylan
United States Dylan said:

Just a note: Perhaps you might rethink that line about zoos at the end of your original article. Zoos are pretty horrific places. I suggest the book Thought to Exist in the Wild, by Derrick Jensen.

In an interesting twist of fate, both you and Derrick appear to be asking the same question; specifically: "Does anyone think this culture will voluntarily transform to a sustainable way of living?" You are saying "yes" and he is saying "no."

Personally, I like to walk the line between those answers as I realize coming to a conclusion would turn me into an ideologue... something I want to avoid. We won't really know the answer for quite some time, but the estimates of when catastrophic climate change will come into effect seem to keep getting closer, so maybe not so long.

Erle
United States Erle said:

K, S and Dylan,
Good points...
As for the "cornucopian"/positive message- I'll admit that I am, in general, fairly pessimistic about the degree to which we humans will alter our way of consuming resources under any circumstances- with or without a steady drumbeat of scary messages, whether these are based on science or not.  Even while we humans are more in control of the fate of nature than ever, we are less in touch with it or in tune with it, in part, I think,  because we continue to believe that it is "out there" and can "be saved".  My feeling is that we will get much stronger buy-in for efforts to manage the biosphere and climate by most people, globally,  by harnessing it to our positive dreams for building a better future, rather than to our nightmares about what will happen if we don't just STOP doing what we are doing, even if both of these are real possibilities.   This is basically the same message as Nordhaus and Shellenberger at the http://www.thebreakthrough.org.  

As for saying "yes" or "no" about humans deciding to alter their cultures to conform to unpopular or even popular visions about sustainability- I would claim agnostic- I don't think it is very predictable what we will do in the next 50 years.  But I am entirely confident that we do have the capability and the opportunity to make this planet better for everyone, including other species, over the long term.  It is up to us if this is to occur- it will not happen with "business as usual" or with environmentalism as usual (in my opinion).

As for distorting the "truth" about our environmental situation, I do no such thing.  I support the facts- we are warming the planet, reducing biodiversity and polluting just about everything.  The consequences of this are not well understood, but certainly will incurr huge costs and in many regions, huge suffering - maybe even greater suffering than these same areas are experiencing today (like Bangladesh and the Sudan).  I will admit to being a bit skeptical about "catastrophic" climate changes: I do not think we know much about the net results of future climate change, though the potential for catastrophic changes is definitely there and should not be ignored.  Still, I think that avoiding large changes in climate- to the extent still possible (or desirable), is just good sense: the current climate works for us.

Other facts that also deserve acknowledging by environmentalists.  We have built a food system that feeds more people than ever- at levels not believed possible by environmentalists of the 1970s a la Paul Erlich (better food? maybe not, but better than the alternative!), forests are recovering all over most developed countries (and even in China- though not in the Tropics), protected areas continue to increase, rates of human population growth are declining rapidly almost everywhere, we all live longer, and people are moving into more and more concentrated urban areas (except for the USA and Australia), reversing the spread of human influence in most regions of the globe.  These are also facts that should be acknowledged- not that these negate the fact that we humans are making some big mistakes in the way we are managing the biosphere and the climate system, but because they are facts that demonstrate that humans can change things for the better.

As for zoos- I'll admit to knowing little about zoos (though I worked as an intern at the US National Zoo in 8th grade).  They are certainly not remotely the same as natural places, and many species would leave the zoo in a second if they could (though many would not, and some don't even know where they are).  My main message with this is that humans create all sorts of environments, not just destroy them, and that these environments are often aesthetically pleasing.  

Thanks for your useful comments- keep em coming!
-Erle

john mish
United States john mish said:

I think that many others do as well. I think there is a rapidly growing awareness that "status quo environmentalism" based on "there is a natural and we need to save it" is an idea has outlived its usefulness. People are getting this but institutions, including environmental groups, adapt much more slowly.
http://www.club-penguin.org/

Ryan v.
United States Ryan v. said:

Entirely true, and sad facts in this article.  Thank your much great read.

E M Cohen
Canada E M Cohen said:


I want to share a story that helps us to understand that we
are the problem and the solution

To the Future of the living planet
and to Humanity who has all the knowldge, and tech we need
http://www.dragonlorechronicles.blogspot
The Legand of Heros those threwout time, that have Stood
For IDEAS, and Freedom to BUILD what we need

Multivariate Testing
United States Multivariate Testing said:

Personally; I believe the planet will destroy us long before we destroy it.  Yes, we do have an impact to be watched and adjusted; too prevent further degradation of our only planet.

antike bilderrahmen
Germany antike bilderrahmen said:

Thanks for the very intersting aricle my friend!
I think we should care more for the planet.
This is kind of sad how we just take take take and sooner or later its all gone : (

best wishes

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